What Is General Adaptation Syndrome

General adaptation syndrome (GAS) is the process that the body undergoes when it responds to stress, whether physiological or psychological. The process consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. GAS was first described by endocrinologist Hans Selye, who believed that over time, the stress response causes aging and disease when we are chronically exposed to stress. Key Takeaways The general adaptation syndrome is a three-stage process that describes how the body responds to stress.In the alarm stage, the body prepares its fight or flight response.In the stage of resistance, the body attempts to return to normal after the stress has been removed.When stress is chronic, the stage of resistance can lead to the stage of exhaustion, in which the body is not able to adequately cope with stress effectively. General Adaptation Syndrome Definition Organisms like to maintain homeostasis, or a steady, balanced state, also known as constant internal milieu. When an organism is exposed to stress, the body uses its fight or flight response to compensate. General adaptation syndrome is the process that the body undergoes to attempt to return to homeostasis. Through the use of hormones, the body attempts to return to this state as soon as possible, but the system has limits. When we are exposed to chronic stress, problems and issues can result. The Three Stages of GAS Alarm Reaction Stage Have you ever been in a situation where you felt stressed and your heart began to beat quickly? Perhaps you started sweating or felt like you wanted to flee? These are typical symptoms of the first stage of general adaptation syndrome, called the alarm reaction stage. In the alarm stage, your body experiences the fight or flight response. When exposed to stress, our typical reactions are stimulated by two body hormones: epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline). Epinephrine mobilizes glucose and fatty acid release from fatty cells. The body is able to use both as energy to respond to stress. Epinephrine and norepinephrine also have powerful effects on the heart. Both the heart rate and stroke volume are increased, thereby increasing the bodys cardiac output. They also help to shunt blood away from the other parts of the body to the heart, brain, and muscles as the body prepares to attack or flee. At the same time, the body also releases glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, to help meet the bodys energy needs in times of stress. The glucocortical reaction is typically slower and of longer duration than the similar effects of epinephrine on glucose metabolism. Stage of Resistance When the initial threat has subsided, the body attempts to return to its homeostatic state and repair itself. This is a part of the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome, which is characterized by a lack of concentration and irritability. Our heart rate and cardiac output attempt to return to normal, blood pressure is reduced and the hormones secreted by the body try to go back to their prior levels. However, due to the initial stress experienced, the body remains at a heightened state of readiness for some time, in case the stress returns. Assuming that the stress is overcome, the body will return to its prior state. However, if there is chronic stress, the body will attempt to compensate and continue in the stage of resistance. If the body undergoes stress for too long and stays in the stage of resistance, it can lead to the stage of exhaustion. Stage of Exhaustion The stage of exhaustion results from chronic exposure to stress. In this stage, stress is such that the body is not able to return to its original homeostatic state. In other words, the body has exhausted its internal resources and is not able to fight stress adequately. Signs of the stage of exhaustion may include anxiety and depression. The stage of exhaustion is also characterized by a compromised immune system, which makes it more difficult for the body to fight off infection. Continued chronic stress can lead to a number of related diseases and issues, such as type 2 diabetes, ulcers, and hypertension. Sources Reece, Jane B., and Neil A. Campbell. Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings, 2011.

The Effects of Blues Music on Civil Rights - 2432 Words

Blues Music | Influences on Civil Rights in the United States | Addy Phillips | Eddie James â€Å"Son† House, Jr., an American blues singer and guitarist once stated, People keep asking me where the blues started and all I can say is that when I was a boy we always was singing in the fields. Not real singing, you know, just hollerin, but we made up our songs about things that was happening to us at the time, and I think thats where the blues started (Cohn, 1993).† House, living through the development of the blues and the Civil Rights Movement, had a definite grasp on the subject at hand. Having changed his lifestyle from the church to blues, he faced many hardships including a deadbeat father, alcoholism, affairs, and prison†¦show more content†¦No black person can escape the blues, because the blues are an inherent part of the black existence in America. To be black is to be blue. The blues tell us about black people’s attempt to carve out a significant existence in a very trying situation. The purpose of the blues is to give structure to black existence in a context where color means rejection and humiliation. Suffering and its relation to blackness is inseparable from the meaning of the blues. Without pain and suffering, and what that meant for black people in Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas, there would have been no blues. The blue mood means sorrow, frustration, despair, and black people’s attempt to take these existential realities upon themselves and not lose their sanity. The blues are not art for art’s sake, music for music’s sake. They are a way of life, a life-style of the black community; and the will for survival. Thus to seek to understand the blues apart from the suffering that created them is to misinterpret them and distort the very creativity that defines them (Cone, 1980). Though the blues were developed in the rural southern United States, toward the end of the 19th century, and found a wider audience in the 1940s as blacks migrated to urban areas. Jazz music has dozens of variations and also utilizes elements from other genres. Albeit the fact that it isShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Blues Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pages In one way shape or form Blues music has influenced almost every music artist and their work. Jazz and Blues gave way to such artists as Elvis Presley and Chuck Barry. The history and origins of Blues traces back many generations. Many articles have been written over the years helping readers better understand the history and importance of Blues music. All the articles have a similar attitude toward The Blues. Each article makes Blues Musics social and musical importance and impact blaringlyRead MoreHistory Of Rock Roll Isn t Close On Being A Perfect Story982 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning is distasteful and gloomy. 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The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 31 Free Essays

Letter #2-November 15, 2006 Dear Pat, First, let me say it’s good to hear from you. It’s been a long time, which has been strange for me. I mean, when you are married to someone for years and then you don’t see that person for almost as many years, it’s strange, right? I don’t know how to explain it, especially since our marriage ended so abruptly and scandalously. We will write a custom essay sample on The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 31 or any similar topic only for you Order Now We never got a chance to talk things over – one-on-one – like civilized adults. Because of this, sometimes I think maybe it’s almost as if I’m not really sure the multiple â€Å"Pat-less† years have truly transpired, but maybe it’s been only a brief separation that feels like years. Like a solo car ride that takes all night but feels like a lifetime. Watching all those highway dashes flying by at seventy miles an hour, your eyes becoming lazy slits and your mind wandering over the memory of a whole lifetime – past and future, childhood memories to thoughts of your own death – until the numbers on the dashboard clock do not mean anything anymore. And then the sun comes up and you get to your destination and the ride becomes the thing that is no longer real, because that surreal feeling has vanished and time has become meaningful again. Finally making contact with you is like arriving at the end of a long car ride and realizing I went to the wrong place – that I have ended up in the past somehow, at the port of origin instead of the dock of destination. But at least I finally get to say that to you, which is important. It probably sounds stupid, but maybe you know what I mean. The part of my life you once filled has been nothing but highway dashes since you were put away, and I am hoping this exchange of letters will help to provide closure for both of us, because soon I will drive back to the place I was before Tiffany contacted me, and we will be only memories to each other. I can hardly believe how much you wrote. When Tiffany told me you were writing me a letter, I did not expect you to give her two hundred photocopied pages of your diary. As you can imagine, Tiffany was not able to read me all of the pages over the phone, because that would have taken hours! She did read me the introductory note and then filled me in on the rest, citing your diary often. You need to know it was a lot of work for her to read through the manuscript and pick out the parts she thought I should hear. For Tiffany’s sake, please limit your next letter to five pages – should there be a next letter – as reading five pages aloud takes a long time and Tiffany is typing up what I dictate over the phone as well, which is already too much to ask of her. (She really is a phenomenally kind woman, don’t you think? You are lucky to have Tiffany in your life.) Maybe it’s the English teacher in me, but I feel as though a page limit is best. No offense, but let’s try to be concise. Okay? Congratulations on your dance performance. Tiffany says you performed flawlessly. I’m so proud of you! It’s hard to imagine you dancing, Pat. The way that Tiffany described the performance was very impressive. I’m glad you are taking an interest in new things. That’s good. I certainly wish you had danced more with me. Things at Jefferson High School are gloriously shitty. The PTA pushed for online grade books, and now parents have access to their children’s grades 24/7. You would hate working here now because of this new development. All parents have to do is log on to a computer, go to the Jefferson High School Web page, enter an ID # and a password, and they can see if their kid turned in his homework on any given day or scored poorly on a pop quiz or whatever. Of course, this means if we are behind on our grading, parents will know and the aggressive ones will call. Parent-teacher conferences have increased because of this. Every time a student misses a single homework, I’m hearing from parents. Our sports teams are losing pretty regularly too. Coach Ritchie and Coach Malone both miss you. Believe me when I say they could not fill your shoes, and the kids are worse off without Coach Peoples at the helm. The life of a teacher is still hectic and crazy – and I am glad you don ’t have to deal with this type of stress as you heal. Sorry to hear about your father being aloof. I know how much that used to upset you. And I’m also sorry your Eagles are up and down – but at least they beat the Redskins last weekend, right? And season tickets with Jake, you must feel as though you died and went to heaven. I think it’s best to say I am remarried. I won’t go into details unless you want me to, Pat. I’m sure this comes as a shock to you, especially after Tiffany read me the many parts of your diary that seemed to indicate you still hope to reconcile our marriage. You need to know this is not going to happen. The truth is I was planning on divorcing you before the accident, before you were checked into the neural health facility. We were not a good match. You were never home. And let’s face it – our sex life was shit. I cheated on you because of this, which you may or may not remember. I am not trying to hurt you, Pat – far from it. I am not proud of my infidelity. I regret cheating on you. But our marriage was over before I began my affair. Your mind is not right, but I have been told your therapist is one of the best in South Jersey, your treatments are working, and your memory will return soon; when it does, you will remember how I hurt you, an d then you will not even want to write me, let alone try to re-create what you think we once had. I understand my blunt response to your very long and passionate letter might make you upset, and if you don’t want to write me again, I will understand. But I wanted to be honest with you. What’s the point if we lie now? Yours, Nikki P.S. – I was very impressed with your finally reading many of the books on my American Lit. syllabus. Many students have also complained about the novels being so depressing. Try Mark Twain. Huck Finn ends happily. You might like that one. But I’ll tell you the same thing I tell my students when they complain about the depressing nature of American literature: life is not a PG feel-good movie. Real life often ends badly, like our marriage did, Pat. And literature tries to document this reality, while showing us it is still possible for people to endure nobly. It sounds like you have endured very nobly since you returned to New Jersey, and I want you to know I admire that. I hope you are able to reinvent yourself and live out the rest of your life with a quiet sense of satisfaction, which is what I have been trying to do since we parted. How to cite The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 31, Essay examples

Asset Allocation and Audit Attributes †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Asset Allocation and Audit Attributes. Answer: Introduction The Audi is a German automobile manufacturer that design, engineers, market, produces and distributes the luxury vehicles. This brand is a member of the Volkswagen group and having the roots at Germany, Bavaria, Ingolstadt. The report talks about the brand analysis of the Audi, it includes the brand equity, brand resonance model, and the brand asset allocation. The paper also shows the assessment of the performance of the brand considering the BAV BRANDZ models. Based on the overall analysis it shows the most suitable model that reflect the equity of the Audi. Audi AG is a German company that was funded by the August Horch in the year 1910. The brand involves the manufacturing and the designing of the luxurious automobiles and the SUVs. Since the brand came into the existence it is serving the elite and technophiles groups. It has been focusing on the technology and the innovation. The logo of the brand is 4 rings' that indicated the four autonomous motor-vehicle manufactures that include DKW, Audi, Horch, and Wanderer. The brand quality refers to as the commercial value that derives from customer perception in regards to the brand name of particular service or product. The brand AUDI has been playing a significant role in the groups of brands. The brand service is available for the high and the middle-income people. The cars of the Audi brand are fulfilling the demand of the customers such as comfort, speed, and reliability which is improving the perception of the customer towards the brand (Gurhan-Canli, Hayran, and Sarial-Abi, 2016). The vehicles of Audi were able to achieve the hearts of the people with the help of the combination of the luxury speed and the affordability. This is the reason that the brand equity of the Audi is increasing because of the global subsidiary availability. This is making the customer aware of the services provided by the brand. The brand has formed the repair and the assembly points in major markets across the world so that they can make the car affordable for custom ers. Brand resonance of Audi The brand resonance shows the relationship that the customer has with the product. Brand having the strong resonance will be able to get the benefit from the increased customer loyalty along with the decreased vulnerability (Huang, Yen, Liu, and Chang, 2014). Audi is filled with the quality in this model of resonance: Brand Salience:- Brand sailence talks about the awareness of the brand, Audi has strong awareness after BMW. The brand consists of the High depth/ high breadth. The brand is having the high digital recognition that is 9 million facebook like. The brand contains the strong heritage. Approximately 93% of the consumers recognize the brand, and 74.32% consumers recall the brand. Brand performance:- The Audi is continuously bringing the change in the performance. Audi is continuously bringing improvement in the performance of the products they are delivering (Tolba, and Hassan, 2009). The brand reduced the emission to break their own records with 24th Du Mands winner Audi R8. The brand introduced Quttro which is 4WD (four-wheel-drive-system). this technology was built by the brand to enhance the performance of the race car. Audi always comes up with new innovation and technology such as Audi TT Offroad concept, Audi TFSI engine technology. Brand imagery:- Brand imagery is the aesthetic appearance of the brand's core messaging. Sports and innovation is the brand imagery of audio. The brand products show that the brand is for the modern customer who is looking for the sporty automobiles (Varol, 2016). Audi is the successful brand in the eyes of the customers. it is the preference of the people who are looking for different and sporty cars (Magnusson, Krishnan, Westjohn, and Zdravkovic, 2014). Brand judgments:- The judgment talks about the preference of the customer's opinion and evaluation (Andehn, M., Andehn, LEspoir Decosta, and LEspoir Decosta, 2016). The customer believes that the brand is continuously improving the quality and it is able to regain the credibility after the 80s reputation. Design of the cars of the audio is becoming a strength of the brand as per customers. The customers of the brand feel smarter and they will be able to challenge the old conventions and the habits. The respondents of the Audi Brand are emotional associations that consist of the prestige, power, beauty, safety and the happiness. Brand resonance:- The nature of the relationship that makes the customer feel that they are connected with the brand. Audi customers are engaged through social networks. The brand loyalty is relatively low due to the high competition but it is improving in last few years (Zarantonello, and Schmitt, 2013). Brand asset allocation The brand assets allocation is the allocation fo the funds by the brand to get the maximum benefit in low risk. The company believes in investing the amount in the development of the technology and the innovation to get the best result that can be used by the brand to create the distinct value of the brand product (Raftery, 2014). The Audi brand investment is supporting the brand with the values of the Olympic games continues to pay off. The shared symbol of the Audi brand that is interconnecting rings, these rings provide a powerful vision link that strengthens the brand connection with the customers. The success of the brand models leads to the differentiated market propositions for Audi. The brand reflects a high level of association and the awareness of the visual properties. The below model talks about the evaluation of brand equity which reflects the performance of the brand and the relation of the brand with their customers (Salamovska, and Todorovska, 2016). BAV model is used by the companies to measure the brand equity of thousands of brand across the world (Tavassoli, Sorescu, and Chandy, 2014). It consists of the four categories that are used by to evaluate the brand equity of AUDI. Differentiation- The customer believes that the products provided by the brand are unique and distinct from the other brands because the brand comes with a unique design with the innovation. Relevance- Consumers from high and middle-income group find it suitable for them, the reason being the brand is able to fulfill the demand of the comfort and speed. Appreciation- Every unique and distinct product launched by the Audi is getting the appreciation because every time the brand is coming up with updated technology and design along with the improved quality. Knowledge- The brand awareness of the Audi is increasing day by day, the customers are familiar with a brand. Though, the knowledge about the brand core meaning is lacking somewhere. Brandz model The brandz model is developed by the Milward Brown and WPP, which is the pyramid shape. The model shows the brand building of the company, it is also used to measure the performance of the company in terms of the brand (Ho-Dac, Carson, and Moore, 2013). It consists of the five parameters such as bonding, advantage, performance, relevance, and presence. Bonding- The uniqueness of the products and service provided by the Audi cannot be beaten by anyone else. Advantage- The Brand is providing luxury cars having different design and innovation in the products. The after sales service of the company is better from the other companies. Performance- It delivers the performance in terms of meeting the desired expectations of the customer from the brand. Relevance- It offers recognition to the customer in the society or in the market along with this it adds value to the status of the customers. Presence- The presence of the Audi brand is available globally, the products of the brand had played a vital role in enhancing the brand presence in the market. The above model is two different model which is used by the company for the evaluation of the brand equity of the company. This model speaks about the true picture of the company. Conclusion The report throws light on the brand quality of the Audi automobiles. The analysis of brand resonance model, BAV model, and the BRANDZ model is discussed which shows the brand relationship with the customers. A different model is used for the different purpose which is discussed in the report. Considering three model, according to me the brand resonance model is the most appropriate model that reflects the quality of the Audi brand. This model not only shows the relationship of the brand with the customers but it also shows the brand equity of the Audi. This model shows the six building blocks of the brand that talks about the brand equity of the company with the help of which company can easily evaluate the brand equity in one go. References Andehn, M., Andehn, M., LEspoir Decosta, P. and LEspoir Decosta, P., 2016. The variable nature of country-to-brand association and its impact on the strength of the country-of-origin effect. International Marketing Review, 33(6), pp.851-866. Gurhan-Canli, Z., Hayran, C. and Sarial-Abi, G., 2016. Customer-based brand equity in a technologically fast-paced, connected, and constrained environment. AMS review, 6(1-2), pp.23-32. Ho-Dac, N.N., Carson, S.J. and Moore, W.L., 2013. The effects of positive and negative online customer reviews: do brand strength and category maturity matter?. Journal of Marketing, 77(6), pp.37-53. Huang, C.C., Yen, S.W., Liu, C.Y. and Chang, T.P., 2014. The relationship among brand equity, customer satisfaction, and brand resonance to repurchase intention of cultural and creative industries in Taiwan. International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online), 6(3), p.106. Magnusson, P., Krishnan, V., Westjohn, S.A. and Zdravkovic, S., 2014. The spillover effects of prototype brand transgressions on country image and related brands. Journal of International Marketing, 22(1), pp.21-38. Raftery, A.M., 2014. The size, cost, asset allocation and audit attributes of Australian self-managed superannnuation funds (Doctoral dissertation). Salamovska, S.M. and Todorovska, M., 2016. Brand Valuation and Marketing Assets AssessmentTheoretical Background vs. Contemporary Managerial Issues. strategic management, 21(4), pp.37-44. Tavassoli, N.T., Sorescu, A. and Chandy, R., 2014, December. Employee-based brand equity: Why firms with strong brands pay their executives less. American Marketing Association. Tolba, A.H. and Hassan, S.S., 2009. Linking customer-based brand equity with brand market performance: a managerial approach. Journal of Product Brand Management, 18(5), pp.356-366. Varol, S., 2016. Analyzing brand loyalty in automotive sector using the hidden Markov model and support vector machine. Lamar University-Beaumont. Zarantonello, L. and Schmitt, B.H., 2013. The impact of event marketing on brand equity: The mediating roles of brand experience and brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 32(2), pp.255-280. Zarantonello, L. and Schmitt, B.H., 2013. The impact of event marketing on brand equity: The mediating roles of brand experience and brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 32(2), pp.255-280.